January
9
681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo:
King Erwig of
the Visigoths initiates a council in which he
implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.
1127 – Jin–Song Wars:
Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng),
the capital of the Song dynasty of
China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and
others, ending the Northern Song dynasty.
1349 –
The Jewish population of Basel,
believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death,
is rounded up and incinerated.
1431 –
The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen.
1693 – 1693 Sicily earthquake: The first of
two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta.
After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between
60,000 and 100,000 people.
1760 – Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in
the Battle of Barari Ghat.
1787 –
The nationally known image of the Black Nazarene in
the Philippines was transferred from what is
now Rizal Park to its present shrine in the minor basilica of Quiapo Church.
This is annually commemorated through its Traslación (solemn
transfer) in the streets of Manila and
is attended by millions of devotees.
1788 – Connecticut becomes
the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
1792 – Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is
signed, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92.
1793 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes
the first person to fly in a balloon in
the United States.
1799 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces
an income tax of two shillings to
the pound to raise funds for Great
Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.
1806 – Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives
a state funeral and is interred
in St Paul's Cathedral.
1816 – Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for
miners at Hebburn Colliery.
1822 –
The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides
to stay in Brazil against
the orders of the Portuguese King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence
process.
1839 –
The French Academy of Sciences announces
the Daguerreotype photography process.
1857 –
The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a
maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).
1858 –
British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong
1861 – American Civil War: "Star of the West"
incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina.
1861 – Mississippi becomes
the second state to secede from
the Union before the outbreak of the
American Civil War.
1878 – Umberto I becomes King
of Italy.
1903 – Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson,
son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the
second Governor-General of Australia.
1909 – Ernest Shackleton,
leading the Nimrod Expedition to
the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles
(180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had
ever reached at that time.
1914 –
The Phi Beta Sigma fraternity is
founded by African-American students at Howard University in
Washington D.C., United States.
1916 – World War I:
The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an
Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the
peninsula.
1917 –
World War I: The Battle of Rafa is
fought near the Egyptian border
with Palestine.
1918 – Battle of Bear Valley: The last
battle of the American Indian Wars.
1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence:
The All-Ukrainian Central Executive
Committee outlaws the Makhnovshchina by
decree, igniting the Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict.
1921 – Greco-Turkish War: The First Battle of İnönü, the first
battle of the war, begins near Eskişehir in Anatolia.
1923 – Juan de la Cierva makes
the first autogyro flight.
1923 – Lithuanian residents
of the Memel Territory rebel against the League of Nations'
decision to leave the area as a mandated region under
French control.
1927 –
A fire at the Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec,
Canada, kills 78 children.
1941 – World War II:
First flight of the Avro Lancaster.
1945 –
World War II: The Sixth United States Army begins
the invasion of Lingayen Gulf.
1957 – British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigns
from office following his failure to retake the Suez Canal from
Egyptian sovereignty.
1959 –
The Vega de Tera dam fails, triggering a
disastrous flood that nearly destroys the town of Ribadelago and
kills 144 residents.
1960 – President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on
the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to
demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile.
1961 –
British authorities announce they have uncovered the Soviet Portland Spy Ring in
London.
1962 – Apollo program: NASA announces
plans to build the C-5 rocket launch vehicle,
then known as the "Advanced Saturn",
to carry human beings to the Moon.
1964 – Martyrs' Day: Several Panamanian youths
try to raise the Panamanian flag in the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone,
leading to fighting between U.S. military and Panamanian civilians.
1991 –
Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet
at the Geneva Peace Conference to
try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
1992 –
The Assembly of the Serb
People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the
creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia.
1992 – The first
discoveries of extrasolar planets are announced by astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail.
They discovered two planets orbiting the pulsar PSR 1257+12.
1996 – First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch
a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the
city of Kizlyar in
the neighboring Dagestan,
which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving
thousands of civilians.
1997 – Comair Flight 3272 crashes in Raisinville Township in Monroe County, Michigan, killing 29
people.
2003 – TANS Perú Flight 222 crashes on
approach to Chachapoyas Airport in Chachapoyas,
Peru, killing 46 people.
2004 –
An inflatable boat carrying
illegal Albanian emigrants stalls near
the Karaburun Peninsula en route to Brindisi,
Italy; exposure to the elements kills 28. This is the second deadliest marine
disaster in Albanian history.
2005 – Mahmoud Abbas wins
the election to
succeed Yasser Arafat as President of
the Palestinian National Authority,
replacing interim president Rawhi Fattouh.
2005 – The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and
the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to
end the Second Sudanese Civil War.
2007 – Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces
the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco.
2011 – Iran Air Flight 277 crashes
near Urmia in
the northwest of the country, in icy conditions, killing 77 people.
2014 –
An explosion at
a Mitsubishi Materials chemical
plant in Yokkaichi, Japan, kills at least
five people and injures 17 others.
2015 –
The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris two
days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation; a second hostage situation,
related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish
market in Vincennes.
2015 – A mass poisoning at
a funeral in Mozambique involving beer that was
contaminated with Burkholderia gladioli leaves 75
dead and over 230 people ill.
2021 – Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashes north
of Jakarta, Indonesia,
killing all 62 people on board.
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