TODAY IN HISTORY: OCTOBER 8

 

 

October 8

 

October 8th is a day that holds significance for many people around the world. It marks the 281st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 84 days remaining until the end of the year. This day is filled with historical events, notable births and deaths, and a host of other interesting occurrences. So, let's take a closer look at this fascinating day in history.

One of the most significant events that took place on October 8th occurred in 1871, when the Great Chicago Fire broke out. The fire, which lasted for two days, destroyed much of the city of Chicago, leaving thousands homeless and causing immense devastation. This event marked a turning point in the city's history and led to significant changes in urban planning and fire safety regulations.

In the world of technology, October 8th witnessed the birth of a revolutionary product. In 1971, the first ever microprocessor, the Intel 4004, was unveiled. This tiny piece of silicon laid the foundation for the development of modern computers and paved the way for the digital revolution that would transform the world.

On a more somber note, October 8th is also the day when we remember the tragic death of iconic musician John Lennon. In 1980, Lennon was shot and killed outside his apartment building in New York City, leaving the world in shock and mourning the loss of a true musical genius and peace advocate.

October 8th also marks the birthday of several notable individuals who have made significant contributions to various fields. In 1941, Jesse Jackson, an American civil rights activist and politician, was born. Jackson played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement, working alongside Martin Luther King Jr. and advocating for equal rights for all.

In the world of literature, October 8th is the birthday of American author R.L. Stine, known for his hugely popular \Goosebumps\ series. Stine's books have captivated millions of young readers with their spooky and thrilling stories, making him one of the most successful children's authors of all time.

In the world of sports, October 8th is marked by remarkable achievements. In 1971, American tennis player Stan Smith became the world number one. Smith's skill and sportsmanship made him a beloved figure in the tennis world, and he remains an influential figure in the sport to this day.

October 8th is also a day filled with unique cultural traditions and celebrations. In the UK, it is observed as National Poetry Day, a day dedicated to celebrating and promoting the art of poetry. This day encourages people to engage with poetry and explore its beauty and power.

In Japan, October 8th is the day of the Kanname Festival, which celebrates the harvest season. This festival is an opportunity for people to give thanks for a successful harvest and pray for an abundant future. It is a colorful and lively affair, filled with traditional performances, food stalls, and joyful celebrations.

Furthermore, October 8th holds significance for many individuals on a more personal level. Birthdays, anniversaries, and other important milestones are celebrated on this day, creating cherished memories and moments that will be remembered for years to come.

In conclusion, October 8th is a day that is filled with historical events, notable births and deaths, and unique cultural celebrations. From the devastating Great Chicago Fire to the birth of the first microprocessor, this day has witnessed significant moments in history. It is also a day that holds personal significance for many individuals around the world. Whether it is a birthday, anniversary, or the celebration of a cultural tradition, October 8th is a day that will continue to hold significance in the years to come.

Here are more events:

314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.

451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.

876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II ("the Bald").

1075 – Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned King of Croatia.

1200 – Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen consort of England.

1322 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the Battle of Bliska.

1480 – The Great Stand on the Ugra River puts an end to Tartar rule over Moscow

1573 – End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, the first Dutch victory in the Eighty Years' War.

 

1645 – Jeanne Mance opens the first lay hospital of North America in Montreal.

1813 – The Treaty of Ried is signed between Bavaria and Austria.

1821 – The Peruvian Navy is established during the War of Independence.

1829 – Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials.

1856 – The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident.

1862 – American Civil War: The Confederate invasion of Kentucky is halted at the Battle of Perryville.

1871 – Slash-and-burn land management, months of drought, and the passage of a strong cold front cause the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Chicago Fire and the Great Michigan Fires to break out.

1879 – War of the Pacific: The Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvian Navy in the Battle of Angamos.

1895 – Korean Empress Myeongseong is assassinated by Japanese infiltrators.

 

1912 – The First Balkan War begins when Montenegro declares war against the Ottoman Empire.

1918 – World War I: Corporal Alvin C. York kills 28 German soldiers and captures 132 for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor.

1921 – KDKA in Pittsburgh's Forbes Field conducts the first live broadcast of a football game.

1939 – World War II: Germany annexes western Poland.

1941 – World War II: During the preliminaries of the Battle of Rostov, German forces reach the Sea of Azov with the capture of Mariupol.

1943 – World War II: Around 30 civilians are executed by Friedrich Schubert's paramilitary group in Kallikratis, Crete.

1944 – World War II: Captain Bobbie Brown earns a Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Crucifix Hill, just outside Aachen.

1952 – The Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash kills 112 people.

1956 – The New York Yankees's Don Larsen pitches the only perfect game in a World Series.

1962 – Der Spiegel publishes an article disclosing the sorry state of the Bundeswehr, and is soon accused of treason.

1967 – Guerrilla leader Che Guevara and his men are captured in Bolivia.

1969 – The opening rally of the Days of Rage occurs, organized by the Weather Underground in Chicago.

1970 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wins the Nobel Prize in literature.

1973 – Yom Kippur War: Israel loses more than 150 tanks in a failed attack on Egyptian-occupied positions.

1973 – Spyros Markezinis begins his 48-day term as prime minister in an abortive attempt to lead Greece to parliamentary rule.

1974 – Franklin National Bank collapses due to fraud and mismanagement; at the time it is the largest bank failure in the history of the United States.

1978 – Australia's Ken Warby sets the current world water speed record of 275.97 knots at Blowering Dam, Australia.

1982 – Poland bans Solidarity and all other trade unions.

1982 – After its London premiere, Cats opens on Broadway and runs for nearly 18 years before closing on September 10, 2000.

1990 – First Intifada: Israeli police kill 17 Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock.

1991 – Upon the expiration of the Brioni Agreement, Croatia and Slovenia sever all official relations with Yugoslavia.

2001 – A twin engine Cessna and a Scandinavian Airlines System jetliner collide in heavy fog during takeoff from Milan, Italy, killing 118 people.

2001 – U.S. President George W. Bush announces the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security.

2005 – The 7.6 M_w  Kashmir earthquake leaves 86,000–87,351 people dead, 69,000–75,266 injured, and 2.8 million homeless.

2014 – Thomas Eric Duncan, the first person in the United States to be diagnosed with Ebola, dies.

2016 – In the wake of Hurricane Matthew, the death toll rises to nearly 900.

2019 – About 200 Extinction Rebellion activists block the gates of Leinster House (parliament) in the Republic of Ireland.

2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: Azerbaijan twice deliberately targeted the Church of the Holy Savior Ghazanchetsots of Shusha.

 

TODAY IN HISTORY: OCTOBER 6

 

 

October 6

 

October 6th is a significant day in history due to various events that have taken place on this date. From political milestones to scientific breakthroughs, October 6th has witnessed moments that have shaped the world we live in today.

One notable event that occurred on October 6th is the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. This document, which proclaimed the Thirteen Colonies' freedom from Great Britain, marked the birth of a new nation and led to the formation of the United States of America. The Declaration of Independence stands as a symbol of liberty and human rights, asserting the fundamental principles of democracy, equality, and freedom.

Moving forward to the world of science, October 6th holds its own significance. In 1927, Werner Heisenberg, a German physicist, formulated his famous uncertainty principle. This principle, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, suggests that it is impossible to simultaneously measure certain pairs of physical properties with absolute precision. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world and challenged classical physics.

Another landmark moment took place on October 6th, 1961, when Ernesto \Che\ Guevara addressed the United Nations General Assembly. Guevara, an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, was invited to speak on behalf of Cuba as the Minister of Industries. In his speech, he passionately defended the Cuban revolution and advocated for a more equitable international order. Guevara's presence at the UN and his powerful speech left a lasting impact, fueling the global debate on socialism, imperialism, and social justice.

The world of literature also marks October 6th as a momentous day. In 1927, the novel \The Sun Also Rises\ by Ernest Hemingway was published, capturing the disillusionment and aimlessness of the Lost Generation after World War I. The novel, known for its sparse and economical writing style, is considered a literary classic and solidified Hemingway's reputation as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.

Outside of politics and literature, October 6th has seen transformative moments in popular culture as well. In 1969, the first episode of the iconic TV show \Monty Python's Flying Circus\ aired in the United Kingdom. This irreverent and surreal comedy series would go on to revolutionize British comedy, influencing countless comedians and leaving an indelible mark on television history.

Additionally, in the realm of sports, October 6th witnessed significant achievements. In 1927, the first World Series game ever played at night took place between the Pittsburgh Pirates and the New York Yankees. This game, illuminated by floodlights, marked a turning point in baseball history, allowing games to be played beyond daylight hours and transforming the sport's popularity and accessibility.

Finally, October 6th holds personal significance for many individuals around the world. Birthdays, anniversaries, and meaningful life events are celebrated on this date, shaping the lives of countless individuals and creating lasting memories. Each person's story on October 6th adds to the rich tapestry of human experiences and reminds us of the beauty and diversity of our shared existence.

In conclusion, October 6th is a date filled with historical events that have shaped politics, science, literature, popular culture, and sports. From the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence to the formulation of the uncertainty principle, October 6th has witnessed significant moments that have had a lasting impact on our world. Additionally, birthdays and personal milestones celebrated on October 6th make it a significant date in the lives of individuals worldwide. We can reflect on the events of October 6th and appreciate the progression of humanity through the various achievements and experiences that have occurred on this day.

Here are more events from this day:

105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic.

69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia.

AD 23 – Rebels decapitate Wang Mang two days after his capital was sacked during a peasant rebellion.

404 – Byzantine Empress Eudoxia dies from the miscarriage of her seventh pregnancy.

618 – Transition from Sui to Tang: Wang Shichong decisively defeats Li Mi at the Battle of Yanshi.

1539 – Spain's DeSoto expedition takes over the Apalachee capital of Anhaica for their winter quarters.

1600 – Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the Baroque period.

1683 – Immigrant families found Germantown, Pennsylvania in the first major immigration of German people to America.

1762 – Seven Years' War: The British capture Manila from Spain and occupy it.

1777 – American Revolutionary War: British forces capture Forts Clinton and Montgomery on the Hudson River.

1789 – French Revolution: King Louis XVI is forced to change his residence from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace.

1810 – A large fire destroys a third of all the buildings in the town of Raahe in the Grand Duchy of Finland.

1849 – The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian war of independence.

1854 – In England the Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.

1884 – The Naval War College of the United States is founded in Rhode Island.

1898 – Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the largest American music fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music.

1903 – The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.

1908 – The Bosnian crisis erupts when Austria-Hungary formally annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1910 – Eleftherios Venizelos is elected Prime Minister of Greece for the first of seven times.

1915 – Combined Austro-Hungarian and German Central Powers, reinforced by the recently joined Bulgaria launched a new offensive against Serbia under command of August von Mackensen .

1915 – Entente forces land in Thessaloniki, to open the Macedonian front against the Central Powers.

1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence: The Starobilsk agreement is signed by representatives of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Makhnovshchina.

1923 – The Turkish National Movement enters Constantinople.

1927 – Opening of The Jazz Singer, the first prominent "talkie" movie.

1939 – World War II: The Battle of Kock is the final combat of the September Campaign in Poland.

1942 – World War II: American troops force the Japanese from their positions east of the Matanikau River during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

1943 – World War II: Thirteen civilians are burnt alive by a paramilitary group in Crete during the Nazi occupation of Greece.

1944 – World War II: Units of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps enter Czechoslovakia during the Battle of the Dukla Pass.

1973 – Egypt and Syria launch coordinated attacks against Israel, beginning the Yom Kippur War.

1976 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 455 is destroyed by two bombs, placed on board by an anti-Castro militant group.

1976 – Premier Hua Guofeng arrests the Gang of Four, ending the Cultural Revolution in China.

1976 – Dozens are killed by the Thai army in the Thammasat University massacre.

1977 – The first prototype of the Mikoyan MiG-29, designated 9-01, makes its maiden flight.

1979 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit the White House.

1981 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is murdered by Islamic extremists.

1981 – NLM CityHopper Flight 431 crashes in Moerdijk after taking off from Rotterdam The Hague Airport in the Netherlands, killing all 17 people on board.

1985 – Police constable Keith Blakelock is murdered as riots erupt in the Broadwater Farm suburb of London.

1987 – Fiji becomes a republic.

1995 – The first planet orbiting another sun, 51 Pegasi b, is discovered.

2007 – Jason Lewis completes the first human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth.

2010 – Instagram, a mainstream photo-sharing application, is founded.

2018 – The United States Senate confirms Brett Kavanaugh as a Supreme Court Associate Justice, ending a contentious confirmation process.

2022 – Annie Ernaux is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 

 

TODAY IN HISTORY: OCTOBER 4

 

 

October 4

October 4 holds a significant place in history for various reasons. This date has witnessed events that have shaped the world in different realms, be it politics, science, or culture. From highlighting the achievements of individuals to acknowledging significant historical milestones, October 4 is a day worth recognizing and understanding.

In the realm of politics, October 4 witnessed remarkable moments that shaped the course of nations. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite. This event marked the beginning of the Space Age, triggering the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. It signified a pivotal moment in human history, as space exploration became a symbol of technological advancement and scientific prowess.

Moving on to poetry and literature, October 4 marked the birth of a literary genius – the great British playwright and poet, Sir Charles Edward Stuart. Born on this day in 1837, Stuart's renowned works continue to inspire and captivate readers to this day. His plays, such as Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and Hamlet, have become timeless classics and are celebrated worldwide. The influence of his works on the English language and literature cannot be overstated.

October 4 is also associated with remarkable breakthroughs in the field of science. On this day in 1883, William Ramsay successfully isolated helium, a noble gas, for the first time. This discovery revolutionized our understanding of elements and their properties, paving the way for advancements in various scientific disciplines. Ramsay's work laid the foundation for further research on gases and their uses in industries, medicine, and technology.

Moreover, October 4 witnessed significant events in the realm of sports. On this day in 1957, the runner, Abebe Bikila, from Ethiopia, won the Olympic marathon in Rome, Italy. What made this achievement remarkable is that Bikila ran barefoot, becoming the first black African athlete to win a gold medal at the Olympics. This achievement symbolized resilience, determination, and the power of human potential.

In addition to these noteworthy moments, October 4 also encompasses a range of cultural celebrations. One such event is the feast day of St. Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals and the environment. Observed by the Catholic Church and other Christian denominations, this day honors St. Francis's commitment to nature and his compassion towards all living creatures. People participate in various activities like pet blessings and ecological initiatives to pay tribute to his ideals.

Furthermore, October 4 holds personal significance for many individuals. Birthdays, anniversaries, and other milestones are celebrated on this day, making it memorable for those directly involved. For countless people around the world, October 4 represents a day of joy, reflection, and gratitude.

In conclusion, October 4 is a date that resonates with historical, cultural, and personal significance. It signifies milestones in the fields of politics, science, literature, and sports. From the launching of Sputnik to the birth of literary legend Charles Edward Stuart, this day has witnessed events that have shaped our world. Additionally, it provides an opportunity for individuals to celebrate their own personal milestones and reflect on the achievements of others. As we recognize and appreciate the significance of October 4, we gain a deeper understanding of its impact on our collective history and the individuals whose legacies continue to inspire us.

Here are more events from this day:

AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion.

1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.

1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes to an end.

1363 – Battle of Lake Poyang: In one of the largest naval battles in history, Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels defeat rival Chen Youliang.

1511 – Formation of the Holy League of Aragon, the Papal States and Venice against France.

1535 – The Coverdale Bible is printed, with translations into English by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.

1582 – The Gregorian Calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII.

1597 – Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço begins to suppress a native uprising against his rule in what is now the state of Georgia.

 

1602 – Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War: A fleet of Spanish galleys are defeated by English and Dutch galleons in the English Channel.

1636 – Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.

1693 – Nine Years' War: Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French.

1777 – American Revolutionary War: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under William Howe.

1795 – Napoleon first rises to prominence by suppressing counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the National Convention.

1824 – Mexico adopts a new constitution and becomes a federal republic.

1830 – The Belgian Revolution takes legal form when the provisional government secedes from the Netherlands.

1853 – The Crimean War begins when the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Russian Empire.

1876 – The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas opens as the first public college in Texas.

1883 – First run of the Orient Express.

1883 – First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.

1895 – Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship.

 

1917 – World War I: The Battle of Broodseinde is fought between the British and German armies in Flanders.

1918 – World War I: An explosion kills more than 100 people and destroys a Shell Loading Plant in New Jersey.

1920 – The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, a Finnish non-governmental organization, is founded on the initiative of Sophie Mannerheim.

1925 – Great Syrian Revolt: Rebels led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji captured Hama from the French Mandate of Syria.

1925 – S2, a Finnish Sokol class torpedo boat, sinks during a fierce storm near the coast of Pori in the Gulf of Bothnia, taking with it the whole crew of 53.

1927 – Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.

1936 – The Metropolitan Police and various anti-fascist organizations violently clash in the Battle of Cable Street.

1941 – Norman Rockwell's Willie Gillis character debuts on the cover of The Saturday Evening Post.

1957 – Sputnik 1 becomes the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.

1958 – The current constitution of France is adopted.

1960 – An airliner crashes on takeoff from Boston's Logan International Airport, killing 62 people.

1963 – Hurricane Flora kills 6,000 in Cuba and Haiti.

1965 – Pope Paul VI begins the first papal visit to the Americas.

1966 – Basutoland becomes independent from the United Kingdom and is renamed Lesotho.

1967 – Omar Ali Saifuddien III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son.

1983 – Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468 miles per hour (1,019.468 km/h) at the Black Rock Desert in Nevada.

1985 – The Free Software Foundation is founded.

1991 – The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is opened for signature.

1992 – The Rome General Peace Accords end a 16-year civil war in Mozambique.

1992 – El Al Flight 1862 crashes into two apartment buildings in Amsterdam, killing 43 including 39 on the ground.

1993 – Battle of Mogadishu occurs killing 18 U.S. Special Forces, two UN Peacekeepers and at least 600 Somalian militia men and civilians.

1993 – Tanks bombard the Russian parliament, while demonstrators against President Yeltsin rally outside.

1997 – The second largest cash robbery in U.S. history occurs in North Carolina

2001 – Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 crashes after being struck by an errant Ukrainian missile. Seventy-eight people are killed.

2003 – The Maxim restaurant suicide bombing in Israel kills twenty-one Israelis, both Jews and Arabs.

2004 – SpaceShipOne wins the Ansari X Prize for private spaceflight.

2006 – WikiLeaks is launched.

2010 – The Ajka plant accident in Hungary releases a million cubic metres of liquid alumina sludge, killing nine, injuring 122, and severely contaminating two major rivers.

2017 – Joint Nigerien-American Special Forces are ambushed by Islamic State militants outside the village of Tongo Tongo.

2021 – Bubba Wallace becomes the first African-American Driver in the modern era of NASCAR to win a major race

2022 – Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger are jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. 

 

TODAY IN HISTORY: OCTOBER 5

 

 

October 5

October 5th is a date like any other, yet it holds significance for many individuals around the globe. From historical events to personal milestones, this specific day has witnessed a myriad of occurrences that have shaped the world we live in today. As we explore the depth and breadth of these happenings, we find ourselves immersed in a tapestry of both joyous and somber moments.

On this day in 1582, the Gregorian Calendar was adopted by Pope Gregory XIII, resulting in the correction of the Julian Calendar's inaccuracies. This reform aimed to synchronize the calendar with the solar year, thus rectifying the discrepancy that had gradually accumulated over centuries. Known as the Gregorian Calendar, it remains the most widely accepted system for measuring time worldwide.

Shifting our gaze to a more recent event, the Berlin Wall was dismantled on October 5th, 1989, symbolizing the end of an era and the reunification of Germany. This monumental milestone marked a turning point in history, signifying the collapse of the Iron Curtain and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe. Its destruction served as a testament to the power of unity, as thousands of individuals from both sides of the wall came together to tear down the physical and metaphorical barriers that had divided them for so long.

October 5th is also a day of celebration for individuals who share this birthdate. Notable personalities such as the American actress Kate Winslet, the revered musician and philanthropist Bob Geldof, and the acclaimed Bollywood actor Aamir Khan, celebrate their birthdays on this auspicious day. Their contributions to their respective fields have captivated audiences worldwide and left an indelible mark on the entertainment industry.

In addition to these global events and renowned personalities, October 5th also holds significance for countless individuals who have experienced personal milestones on this day. For some, it may be the day of their wedding anniversary, a cherished memory of love and commitment. For others, it may mark the beginning of a new chapter, as they embark on a journey towards personal growth and self-discovery. Regardless of the nature of these milestones, they all contribute to the rich tapestry of human experiences that unfold each day.

As we delve deeper into the past, we uncover both somber and tragic moments interwoven with the joy and celebration. On October 5th, 2011, the world mourned the loss of a visionary. Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple Inc., passed away on this day, leaving behind a legacy that would forever shape the landscape of technology and innovation. His relentless pursuit of excellence and his ability to revolutionize various industries continue to inspire countless individuals to this day.

October 5th is also a day to raise awareness and advocate for various causes. The International Day of No Prostitution, initiated by organizations combating human trafficking and sexual exploitation, seeks to shed light on the plight of those trapped in the sex trade industry. By encouraging discussions and engaging in educational initiatives, this day aims to eradicate the demand for prostitution and address the systemic issues that perpetuate this form of exploitation.

In conclusion, October 5th serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of human experiences and the profound impact individuals can have on the world. From historical events that shape nations to personal milestones that transform lives, this date transcends boundaries and binds us together in a tapestry of shared memories and aspirations. As we reflect on the significance of this day, we are reminded of the power of unity, advocacy, and celebration that emanates from a single moment in time.

Here are more events of this day:

610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor.

816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope.

869 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to depose patriarch Photios I.

1143 – With the signing of the Treaty of Zamora, King Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognises Portugal as a Kingdom.

1450 – Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria expels Jews from his jurisdiction.

 

1607 – Assassins attempt to kill Venetian statesman and scientist Paolo Sarpi.

1789 – French Revolution: The Women's March on Versailles effectively terminates royal authority.

1813 – War of 1812: The Army of the Northwest defeats a British and Native Canadian force threatening Detroit.

1838 – The Killough massacre in east Texas sees eighteen Texian settlers either killed or kidnapped.

1869 – The Saxby Gale devastates the Bay of Fundy region in Canada.

1869 – The Eastman tunnel, in Minnesota, United States, collapses during construction, causing a landslide that nearly destroys St. Anthony Falls.

1877 – The Nez Perce War in the northwestern United States comes to an end.

1900 – Peace congress in Paris condemns British policy in South Africa and asserts Boer Republic's right to self-determination.

 

1905 – The Wright brothers pilot the Wright Flyer III in a new world record flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes.

1910 – In a revolution in Portugal the monarchy is overthrown and a republic is declared.

1911 – The Kowloon–Canton Railway commences service.

1914 – World War I: An aircraft successfully destroys another aircraft with gunfire for the first time.

1921 – The World Series is the first to be broadcast on radio.

1930 – British airship R101 crashes in France en route to India on its maiden voyage killing 48 people.

1936 – The Jarrow March sets off for London.

1938 – In Nazi Germany, Jews' passports are invalidated.

1943 – Ninety-eight American POWs are executed by Japanese forces on Wake Island.

1944 – The Provisional Government of the French Republic enfranchises women.

1945 – A six-month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of the Warner Brothers studio.

1947 – President Truman makes the first televised Oval Office address.

1962 – The first of the James Bond film series, based on the novels by Ian Fleming, Dr. No, is released in Britain.

1962 – The first Beatles single, Love Me Do is released in Britain.

1963 – The United States suspends the Commercial Import Program in response to repression of the Buddhist majority by the regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem.

1966 – A reactor at the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station near Detroit suffers a partial meltdown.

1968 – A Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march in Derry is violently suppressed by police.

1970 – The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is founded.

1970 – The British Trade Commissioner, James Cross, is kidnapped by members of the Front de libération du Québec, triggering the October Crisis in Canada.

1974 – Bombs planted by the PIRA in pubs in Guildford kill four British soldiers and one civilian.

1982 – Tylenol products are recalled after bottles in Chicago laced with cyanide cause seven deaths.

1984 – Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space.

1986 – Mordechai Vanunu's story in The Sunday Times reveals Israel's secret nuclear weapons.

1988 – A Chilean opposition coalition defeats Augusto Pinochet in his re-election attempt.

1990 – After 150 years The Herald newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, is published for the last time as a separate newspaper.

1991 – An Indonesian Air Force C-130 crash kills 135 people.

1999 – The Ladbroke Grove rail crash in west London kills 31 people.

2000 – Mass demonstrations in Serbia force the resignation of Slobodan Milošević.

2011 – In the Mekong River massacre, two Chinese cargo boats are hijacked and 13 crew members murdered.